Alps
Apennine mountains
Italian islands
Tuscan Archipelago, Sardinia and Corsica

1 FACE AND CLYPEUS HAIR COLOUR

pale (yellow, red or white)

dark (black or brown)

dark face, pale clypeus

pale face, dark clypeus

2 UPPERSIDE OF THE HEAD (VERTEX) HAIR COLOUR

dark

pale

3 BANDS ON MESOSOMA

absent, black mesosoma

absent, red, orange or brown mesosoma

absent, yellow mesosoma

an anterior yellow band

a posterior yellow band

two bands (anterior and posterior), yellow

two bands (anterior and posterior), white

4 MESOPLEURAE MAIN COLOUR

dark

yellow

red/orange

white or whitish

5 WING COLOUR

dark

pale

6 HIND TIBIA CUTICLE COLOUR

black

red or reddish

7 HIND TIBIA HAIRS COLOUR

dark

red or reddish

dark and pale hairs mixed

dark with pale tips

all pale

8 BANDS ON METASOMA

absent

pale band on T1

pale band on T2

pale band on T1 and (at least the anterior part of) T2

9 METASOMAL TERGITES 4-7 MAIN COLOUR

black

white

red, orange or brown

yellow

10 METASOMAL TERGITES 4-7 COLOUR ARRANGEMENT

pale colour continuous on the tergites

pale colour interrupted in the middle of one or more tergite

11 [FEMALE] ANTENNAE: A3-A5 ANTENNOMERES

A3 as long as or longer than A4 + A5

A3 shorter than A4 + A5

12 [FEMALE] ANTENNAE: A3 ANTENNOMERE RATIO

A3 at most as long than 2x its distal width (<=2:1)

A3 clearly longer than 2x its distal width (>2:1)

13 [MALE] ANTENNAE: MEDIAN ANTENNOMERES (A5-A9)

crylindrical

obviously curved

curved and ventrally swollen

14 [MALE] EYE

enlarged, bulbous

normal

15 [FEMALE] OCELLO-OCULAR AREA: SCULPTURE

intermixed small and large punctures

a distinct patch of several (about 30), very fine, punctures among the small and large punctures intermixed

prevalence of small and dense punctures

16 [FEMALE] OCELLO-OCULAR AREA: UNPUNCTURED AND SHINING AREAS

occupies ¼ or less of the distance between lateral ocellus and the inner margin of the eye

occupies at least half of the distance between lateral ocellus and the inner margin of the eye

17 [FEMALE] OCULO-MALAR AREA

much shorter than broad (about 0.5x)

shorter than broad

about as long as broad (approximately square)

longer than broad

much longer than broad (>=1.5x)

18 [MALE] OCULO-MALAR AREA

broader than long

about as broad as long

longer than broad

19 [FEMALE] CLYPEUS: SHAPE

strongly swollen and bulging in its posterior half; anterior half flat or nearly concave

weakly and evenly swollen or nearly flat throughout

20 [FEMALE] LABRUM: OVERALL SHAPE

subtriangular

subrectangular

21 [FEMALE] LABRUM: MEDIAN FURROW AND LATERAL TUBERCLE, OVERALL SHAPE

tubercles flat, not protruding, median furrow absent

tubercles flat, barely protruding, median furrow shallow but well defined

tubercles barely protruding, median furrow narrow and ill defined

tubercles protruding, median furrow deep, well defined

tubercles protruding medially, deeply impressed in their lateral half, median furrow deep and well defined

22 [FEMALE] LABRUM: MEDIAN FURROW

absent

very large, about 1/2 of the labrum width

large, about 1/3 of the labrum width

relatively narrow, shorter than 1/3 of the labrum width

very narrow, about 1/5 of the labrum width

23 [FEMALE] LABRUM: LAMELLA SHAPE

triangular

almost straight

more or less rounded

24 [FEMALE] LABRUM: LAMELLA DIMENSIONS

longer than 1/2 of the labrum width

as long as 1/2 of the labrum width

about as long as 1/3 of the labrum width

shorter than 1/3 of the labrum width

25 [FEMALE] MANDIBLE: SHAPE

distal margin strongly oblique

distal margin forming a right angle with the longitudinal axis

26 [FEMALE] MANDIBLE: NUMBER OF TEETH

2 or 3

5 or 6

27 [FEMALE] MANDIBLE: ANTERIOR KEEL

reaching and continuous with the distal margin

reaching at least half way to distal margin, sometimes ending very close but never continuous to it

poorly developed, not even reaching half way to the margin

28 [FEMALE] MANDIBLE: SULCUS OBLIQUUS (POSTERIOR GROOVE)

absent

present, more or less marked

29 [FEMALE] MANDIBLE: INCISURA (DISTAL NOTCH)

absent

present, deep, separating a strong, well defined posterior tooth

present, shallow or very shallow, separating an ill defined posterior tooth

30 [MALE] MANDIBLE: 'BEARD'

poorly developed, nearly absent

well developed, black or dark brown

well developed, brown or golden yellow

31 [FEMALE] MID BASITARSUS: DISTAL POSTERIOR CORNER

with a strong and sharp tooth (about 45° or less) or a long spine

acutely pointed (more than 45°), but without forming a tooth or spine

more or less broadly but clearly rounded

32 [FEMALE] MID BASITARSUS: ERECT HAIRS ON THE OUTER SURFACE

a well defined proximal tuft of longer hairs (as long or longer than the distal width of the basitarsus)

tuft of longer hairs absent, hairs short and even on the whole surface

33 [FEMALE] HIND TIBIA: OUTER SURFACE

strongly and uniformly convex, and uniformly densely covered with moderate to long stout hairs throughout; long hairs present, but not forming a distinct fringe

broad, almost flat, most of the outer surface (at least the distal half) without moderate to long hairs; fringe of long hairs present on anterior and posterior margin

34 [MALE] HIND TIBIA: OUTER SURFACE

at most the proximal third more or less covered with hairs

proximal half covered with hairs

only about the distal third bare

the whole surface unevenly covered with hairs

the whole surface densely clothed with mostly branched hairs

35 [FEMALE] HIND TIBIA: CORBICULA

absent

present, its surface coarsely sculptured, matt, not shining, with long stout hairs in the middle of the proximal half

present, its surface shining, with a few (2 or 3) long, stout hairs in its proximal half

present, its surface shining, with many short and thin hairs throughout its proximal half

present, its surface shining, with a few short and thin hairs scattered in its proximal half

present, its surface weakly sculptured or smooth, shining, without hairs

36 [MALE] HIND TIBIA: POSTERIOR FRINGE HAIRS

shorter than the maximum width of the tibia

at least some of the hairs as long or longer than the maximum width of the tibia

37 [FEMALE] HIND BASITARSUS: PROXIMAL POSTERIORLY-DIRECTED PROCESS

absent

broad and blunt, shorter than its breadth

narrow and pointed, longer than its breadth proximally where it joins the basitarsus

38 [FEMALE] HIND BASITARSUS: LENGTH OF POSTERIOR FRINGE'S HAIRS

as long or longer than the maximum basitarsus width

shorter than the maximum basitarsus width

39 METASOMAL TERGITE 6 (T6)

without keels or other remarkable features; apex more or less rounded or truncated, never notched

apex notched, the notch more or less V shaped

with a hairless, circular and slightly raised area, well delimited by pubescence; apex truncated or notched

with a longitudinal keel

transversally folded in its apical third, with or without a longitudinal keel

40 METASOMAL STERNITE 2 (S2)

slightly bulging between the anterior and posterior margins in a weak rounded transversal ridge

flat between the anterior and posterior margins, without ridge

41 METASOMAL STERNITE 6 (S6): KEELS

keels (median or ventro-lateral) absent; sternum may be 'roof-shaped', with the bend more or less sharp or marked, but without forming a true keel

a strong, conspicuous longitudinal median keel present

ventro-lateral keels large, thick, converging toward the apex in a V shape

ventro-lateral keels large, evenly rounded, converging medially in a U shape at a distance from apex

ventro-lateral keels large, thin, sharply produced laterally and visible from dorsal view projecting beyond T6

ventro-lateral keels medially well separated, tapering distally and converging toward apex in a loose V shape

ventro-lateral keels small, poorly developed, merging medially and toward apex in a small median ridge; external callosities angled

ventro-lateral keels small, poorly developed, merging medially and toward apex in a small median ridge; external callosities rounded, hardly produced

42 [MALE] VOLSELLA AND GONOSTYLUS

weakly sclerotized, pale yellowish contrasting with dark, sclerotized gonocoxa

strongly sclerotized, dark

43 [MALE] VOLSELLA, DORSAL VIEW

almost entirely covered by gonostylus, only the very apex projecting beyond it

projecting beyond gonostylus by about the volsellar breadth at that point

widely projecting beyond gonostylus

44 [MALE] VOLSELLA: OVERALL SHAPE

long and narrow, slightly curved, fingerlike

subtriangular, apex pointed

subtriangular, apex blunt, rounded

short, narrowly triangular, apex sharply pointed and strongly curved inward

apex truncated and more or less notched, inner edge often with small teeth

bifurcated apex

45 [MALE] VOLSELLA: PROCESS OF THE INNER MARGIN

absent

in the distal part, appearing as a blunt process, with its margin irregularly denticulate

in the distal part, appearing as a tooth or as a more or less strong, recurved and flattened hook

in the distal part, long recurved and forked

at about midpoint, long and slender (3 or 4 times longer of its width)

at about midpoint, a strong, pointed, forward recurved tooth

at about midpoint, distally broadened and truncated, more or less bidentate to clearly forked

46 [MALE] GONOSTYLUS, DORSAL VIEW

triangular (with a submarginal longitudinal groove on the inner margin)

transverse (broader than long) to about as long as broad

longer than broad

longer than broad, with a longitudinal groove on the inner margin

longer than broad, with inner surface widely and deeply concave, bowl shaped

longer than broad, with concave inner margin and pointed distal corner

very wide, concave, curved inward and downward, ear shaped

47 [MALE] GONOSTYLUS: INNER PROCESS

absent or inconspicuous

small, short, an acute tooth or almost triangular or finger like

large, a long, slender spine

large, a pointed, more or less wide and flattened triangle

an incurved, distally enlarged, concave, spoon or bowl shaped lamella

long, triangular, more or less deeply and narrowly forked, the posterior spine of the fork only slightly sclerotized in some species

long, strongly recurved back toward the gonostylus, its apex forked or flattened and axe like, ending in two sharp points

a pointed process variable in shape and length, but always covered with many branched hairs

48 [MALE] PENIS VALVE: HEAD, DORSAL VIEW

straight, more or less pointed

straight, parallel sided, its ventral outer edge with a row of strong and irregular teeth

somewhat enlarged outward, outer edge rounded or ending in a point

somewhat enlarged outward, outer edge with many minute teeth

curved inward, angled as a barbed arrow head

curved inward as a broad and flattened, sickle shaped hook

broadly enlarged, the inward curved part concave, spoon like; the outward curved flange bidentate

curved outward, flattened, axe like

strongly flattened and enlarged dorsoventrally, widely flared outward

49 [MALE] PENIS VALVE: SHAFT

without a median ventral tooth or projection

with a ventral angle near midpoint

with median ventral, often strong, triangular tooth

strongly enlarged and flattened in its proximal half, with a ventral, tri or quadridentate subapical projection

strongly flattened and enlarged dorsoventrally

50 [MALE] GONOCOXA: APEX, DORSAL VIEW

narrowly pointed

fingerlike

broadly truncated, subquadrate

truncated and more or less produced inward

SELECTED ATTRIBUTES: